Pastoralism has a significant role in food security for ages particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where elevated levels of food insecurity persist. The main aim of this paper is to explore the role of pastoralists and their livestock in enhancing food security in the Somali region of Ethiopia, with a special focus on the contributions of women involved in pastoral activities starting from the fact that their crucial role was often underemphasized in earlier studies. The survey was based on two primary qualitative data collections methods: in depth interviews and focus group. In contrast secondary data were acquired through an insight into literature on the subject. The results from the study have shown a strong relationship between pastoralism and food security in the Somali region highlighting the need to address challenges that limit women’s roles and participation in pastoral activities. The findings of the study have implications for policymakers, development practitioners, pastoral communities and the wider international community. Promoting sustainable livestock farming and enhancing food security in the Somali region of Ethiopia is critical to achieving global food security and sustainable development. The findings also highlighted the need for further research to explore the links between sustainable livestock husbandry, traditional knowledge, and adaptation to climate change in pastoral communities.